• TEI P5 guidelines
• TEI P5 elements
• TEI P5 attributes
• LombardPress Critical Transcription Guidelines

• supplied: text supplied by the editor because it is believed to be missing from the text

Utrum fides semper <supplied>sit</supplied> acquisita

• surplus: a text present in the source which the editor believes to be superfluous or redundant

Ergo non sequitur quod <surplus>quia</surplus> in probationem dicitur.

• sic: the demarcated text is corrupt, and the editor does not know how to solve the problem satisfyingly

subsidiis magnis <sic>epicuri</sic> constabilitas

• empty lemma: When one or more witnesses contain readings that are not adopted in the critical text, the lem element MUST be left empty

Praeterea, sicut oculus
            <app>
              <lem n="oculus"/>
              <rdg wit="#B">nicticoracis</rdg>
            </app>
            ad lumen solis

• variation: any reading that varies from the indicated lemma
  • variation-substance: a different word or phrase

<app>
  <lem wit="#B #C #D">fides</lem>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="variation-substance">spes</rdg>
</app>

• variation-orthography: simply an orthographic difference

<app>
 <lem>sicut</lem>
 <rdg wit="#A" type="variation-orthography">sicud</rdg>
</app>
est

• variation-inversion: two or more words have been inverted

fides non
<app>
 <lem>bona fides</lem>
 <rdg wit="#A" type="variation-inversion">fides bona</rdg>
</app>

<app>
  <lem>ista tria invenire</lem>
  <rdg wit="#B">ista tria invenire</rdg>
  <rdg wit="#O" type="variation-inversion">
    <seg>invenire</seg>
    <seg>ista tria</seg>
  </rdg>
</app>

• variation-present : a word or phrase is present in a witness but has not been included in the critical text + it is important that this be distinguished from the type correction-addition which is meant to indicate that a word or phrase has been actively added as a conscious correction to the witness text. [what diff. with surplus?]

fides
<app>
  <lem n="fides"/>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="variation-present">spes</rdg>
</app>

spes
<app>
  <lem n="spes"/>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="variation-present" cause="repetition">spes</rdg>
</app>

• variation-absent: A word or phrase is absent from a witness but present in the transmitted text (simple omission)

<app>
  <lem>fides</lem>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="variation-absent"/>
</app>

<app>
  <lem type="conjecture-supplied"><supplied>fides</supplied></lem>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="variation-absent"/>
</app>
est

fides
<app>
  <lem>non semper sic, sed non</lem>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="variation-absent" cause="homeoteleuton"/>
</app>

<app>
  <lem>fides</lem>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="variation-absent"><space extent="5" unit="characters" /></rdg>
</app>

• variation-choice: when a single witness (however the concept of witness is defined) contains two or more parallel readings, and it is not clear which reading is preferred

<app>
  <lem>vel</lem>
  <rdg wit="#G" type="variation-choice">
    <choice>
      <seg>et</seg>
      <seg><add place="above-live">vel</add></seg>
    </choice>
  </rdg>
</app>

<app>
  <lem wit="#M #V">instare</lem>
  <rdg wit="#S" type="correction-substitution">
    <subst>
      <del>dicere</del>
      <add>instare</add>
    </subst>
  </rdg>
  <rdg wit="#T" type="variation-choice">
    <choice>
      <seg>dicere</seg>
      <seg>instare</seg>
    </choice>
  </rdg>
</app>

• correction: any reading where it is assumed that the witness corrects a perceived error in the transmitted text (not used to represent corrections made by the edition)
  • correction-addition: a scribe (either the original or a later scribe) has realized that a word or phrase is missing in his text and subsequently added it. This should be clearly distinguished from variation-present above where the editor only means to indicate that a word is present in a witness, but has not been added through a conscious correction.

<app>
  <lem>fides</lem>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="correction-addition">
    <add place="margin-left">fides</add>
  </rdg>
</app>

in nomine Patri et
<app>
  <lem>Filii et</lem>
  <rdg wit="#L" type="correction-addition">
    <add place="above-line" hand="#L1">Filii et</add>
  </rdg>
</app>
Spiritus Sancti

• correction-deletion: a scribe (either the original or a later scribe) has realized that a word or phrase is erroneously present in the text and subsequently deleted it

fides
<app>
  <lem n="fides"/>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="correction-deletion">
    <del>non</del>
  </rdg>
</app>
est

sicut
<app>
  <lem>dicit</lem>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="correction-deletion">
    <del>dicit</del>
  </rdg>
</app>
Aristoteles

• correction-substitution: a scribe (either the original or a later scribe) wants to correct one word or phrase with another; The smallest unit of substitution MUST be a word ⇒ We certainly sacrifice some specificity about how the correction was made. However, we gain considerable clarity about the meaning of the correction. Complex details about how a correction was precisely made is best left recorded in a witDetail (see below) and in an accompanying diplomatic transcriptions of the witness.

<app>
  <lem>fidem</lem>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="correction-substitution">
    <subst>
      <del>spem</del>
      <add>fidem</add>
    </subst>
  </rdg>
</app>

<app>
  <lem>fides</lem>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="correction-substitution">
    <subst>
      <del>fidem</del>
      <add hand="#A1" place="margin-right">fides</add>
    </subst>
  </rdg>
</app>
est

<app>
  <lem>insidias</lem>
  <rdg wit="#N" type="correction-substitution">
    <subst hand="#N1">
      <del>insidia</del>
      <add>insidias</add>
    </subst>
  </rdg>
</app>

• correction-transposition: a special kind of correction-substitution

<app>
  <lem>spiritus sanctus</lem>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="correction-transposition">
    <subst>
      <del>sanctus spiritus</del>
      <add>spiritus sanctus</add>
    </subst>
  </rdg>
</app>

<app>
  <lem>et spiritus sanctus</lem>
  <rdg wit="#A" type="correction-transposition">
    <subst>
      <del><seg n="2">spiritus sanctus<seg/> <seg n="1">et</seg></del>
      <add>et spiritus sanctus</add>
    </subst>
  </rdg>
</app>

• correction-cancellation: a correction of a correction. Note: correction-cancellation is a particularly complicated variation type and should be considered very likely to recieve change and alteration in the next release of the guidelines + Some of those nine permutations are not materially possible [check]
  • deletion-of-addition

<rdg wit="#A" type="deletion-of-addition">
  <del>
    <add place="above-line">fides</add>
  </del>
</rdg>

• deletion-of-deletion <rdg wit="#A" type="deletion-of-deletion"> <del> <del>fides</del> </del> </rdg>
• deletion-of-substitution <rdg wit="#A" wit="deletion-of-substitution"> <del> <subst> <add>fidem</add> <del>fides</del> </subst> </del> </rdg>
• substitution-of-addition: similar to deletion-of-addition, but the cancellation also adds a new word in the place of the now deleted addition

<rdg wit="#A" type="substitution-of-addition">
  <subst>
    <del>
      <add>spes</add>
    </del>
    <add>fides</add>
  </subst>
</rdg>

Two conceptual categories that should inform editorial work and the choice of reading type used. These two categories are:

1. A Variation with Correction: If we imagine the main text being a straight line, a variation represents an alternative stem. On this “alternative” stem it is possible for corrections to be made: a correction that has no relation to the main stem
2. A Correction that Varies: Alternatively, it is possible for a correction to be on the “main” stem but in the course of making this correction to introduce a variation, or to inaugurate an alternative stem.

• conjecture: a (current or previous) editor suggests or introduces an emendation to the text that is not supported by the textual tradition. Terminologically, one might consider an improvement that is adopted in the text (i.e. it is placed in the lem element) to be an emendation, while an improvement that is merely suggested but not adopted in the text (and therefore put in a rdg element) can be referred to as a conjecture.
  • conjecture-supplied: According to the the judgement of the editor, an expression is missing from the transmitted text. Notice this reading type is only relevant if a note in the apparatus is desired or required. If the addition of some material is sufficiently reflected by appropriate symbols in the text ⇒ supplied

Utrum fides semper
<app>
  <lem type="conjecture-supplied">
    <supplied>sit</supplied>
  </lem>
  <rdg type="variation-absent" wit="#P #V #L"/>
</app>
acquisita

Utrum fides semper
<app>
  <lem type="conjecture-supplied" source="#John">
    <supplied>sit</supplied>
  </lem>
  <rdg type="absent" wit="#P #V #L"/>
  <rdg type="conjecture-supplied" source="#James">
    <supplied>erit</supplied>
  </rdg>
</app>
acquisita

Utrum fides
<app>
  <lem n="fides"/>
  <rdg type="conjecture-supplied">
    <supplied>semper</supplied>
  </rdg>
</app>
sit

• conjecture-removed: A word or phrase is transmitted in some or all of the textual tradition, but the editor or another scholar has suspected that it does not belong in the text and suggests that it be removed. [diff. with surplus?]

ut
<app>
  <lem type="conjecture-removed"><surplus>cum</surplus></lem>
  <rdg wit="#A #B #C">cum</rdg>
</app>
dicit Aristoteles

ut
<app>
  <lem wit="#A #B #C">cum</lem>
  <rdg source="#James" type="conjecture-removed"><surplus>cum</surplus></rdg>
</app>
dicit Aristoteles

• conjecture-corrected: Parts of all of the textual tradition supports one reading, but an editor or scholar suggests an alternative reading in its place

Utrum fides
<app>
  <lem type="conjecture-corrected"><corr>sit</corr></lem>
  <rdg wit="#P #V #L">servus</rdg>
</app>
acquisita

Utrum fides
<app>
  <lem wit="#C" source="#John">semper</lem>
  <rdg wit="#A #B">servus</rdg>
  <rdg resp="#Ed" type="conjecture-corrected"><corr>sit</corr></rdg>
</app>
acquisita