CIDOC-CRM

From Wikipedia: The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) provides an extensible ontology “Ontology (information science)”) for concepts and information in cultural heritage and museum documentation. It is the international standard (ISO 21127:2023) for the controlled exchange of cultural heritage information.\[1\] Galleries, libraries, archives, museums (GLAMs “GLAM (industry sector)”)), and other cultural institutions are encouraged to use the CIDOC CRM to enhance accessibility to museum-related information and knowledge.

• E28 Conceptual Object [not directly used, no properties]
  • E55 Type
  • E89 Propositional Object

    1. E73 Information Object
    2. E90 Symbolic Object [visibble signs ⇒ the text of the critical edition]

• SCO E71 Human-Made Thing
• Superclass of:
  • E55 Type
  • E89 Propositional Object
  • E90 Symbolic Object
• non-material products of our minds and other human produced data that have become objects of a discourse about their identity, circumstances of creation or historical implication.
• instances of this class are created, invented or thought by someone, and then may be documented or communicated between person
• [?incoherent?] They cannot be destroyed. They exist as long as they can be found on at least one carrier or in at least one human memory. Their existence ends when the last carrier and the last memory are lost.

  Examples:

• Beethoven’s “Ode an die Freude” (Ode to Joy) (E73 Information Object) (Kershaw, 1999)
• the definition of “ontology” in the Oxford English Dictionary (E73) (Oxford University Press, 1989)
• the knowledge about the victory at Marathon carried by the famous runner (E89 Propositional Object) (Lagos & Karyanos, 2020)
• “Maxwell equations” (E41 Appellation): just the name
• Maxwell's equations (E89 Propositional Object): the propositional content of the equations proper, independent of any particular notation or mathematical formalism.
• The encoding of Maxwell’s equations as in https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Maxwell%27sEquations.svg (E73 Information Object = encoded form)

• immaterial items, including but not limited to stories, plots, procedural prescriptions, algorithms, laws of physics or images that are, or represent in some sense, sets of propositions about real or imaginary things and that are documented as single units or serve as topic of discourse.
• tems that are “about” something in the sense of a subject.
• conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E89 Propositional Object. This should not be confused with the definition of a type, which is indeed an instance of E89 Propositional Object.
• Maxwell’s Equations (Ball, 1962)
• the ideational contents of Aristotle’s book entitled ‘Metaphysics’ as rendered in the Greek texts translated in Oxford edition
• the underlying prototype of any “no-smoking” sign (E36 Visual Item)

Properties: - P67 refers to (is referred to by): E1 CRM Entity

1. (P67.1 has type: E55 Type)

- P129 is about (is subject of): E1 CRM Entity - P148 has component (is component of): E89 Propositional Object

• SCO sia di E89 Propositional Object (senso) e E90 Symbolic Object (segni e sintassi?)

- identifiable symbols and any aggregation of symbols, such as characters, identifiers, traffic signs, emblems, texts, data sets, images, musical scores, multimedia objects, computer program code or mathematical formulae that have an objectively recognizable structure and that are documented as single units. - It includes sets of signs of any nature, which may serve to designate something, or to communicate some propositional content. An instance of E90 Symbolic Object may or may not have a specific meaning, for example an arbitrary character string. - In some cases, the content of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object may completely be represented by a serialized digital content model, such as a sequence of ASCII-encoded characters, an XML or HTML document, or a TIFF image. The property P3 has note and its subproperty P190 has symbolic content allow for the description of this content model. In order to disambiguate which symbolic level is the carrier of the meaning, the property P3.1 has type can be used to specify the encoding (e.g., “bit”, “Latin character”, RGB pixel).

• the “no-smoking” sign (E36 Visual Item)
• “BM000038850.JPG” (E41 Appellation) [identifies a digital image]
• the Italian text of Dante’s “Divina Commedia” as found in the authoritative critical edition La Commedia secondo l’antica vulgata a cura di Giorgio Petrocchi, Milano: Mondadori, 1966-67 (= Le Opere di Dante Alighieri, Edizione Nazionale a cura della Società Dantesca Italiana, VII, 1-4) (E33 Linguistic Object) (Petrocchi, 1967)

Properties: - P106 is composed of (forms part of): E90 Symbolic Object - P190 has symbolic content: E62 String