CIDOC-CRM [RevLog]

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# CIDOC-CRM

From [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIDOC_Conceptual_Reference_Model):
The **[CIDOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Council_of_Museums#CIDOC_conceptual_reference_model "International Council of Museums") Conceptual Reference Model** (**CRM**) provides an extensible [ontology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_\(information_science\) "Ontology (information science)") for [concepts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept "Concept") and [information](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information "Information") in [cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_heritage "Cultural heritage") and [museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum "Museum") [documentation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_science "Information science"). It is the [international standard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_standard "International standard") ([ISO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization "International Organization for Standardization") 21127:2023) for the controlled exchange of cultural heritage information.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIDOC_Conceptual_Reference_Model#cite_note-iso_21127-1) [Galleries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_gallery "Art gallery"), [libraries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library "Library"), [archives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive "Archive"), [museums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum "Museum") ([GLAMs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLAM_\(industry_sector\) "GLAM (industry sector)")), and other cultural institutions are encouraged to use the CIDOC CRM to enhance accessibility to museum-related information and [knowledge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge "Knowledge").

## Hierarchy

- E28 Conceptual Object [not directly used, no properties]
    - E55 Type
    - E89 Propositional Object 
        - E73 Information Object
    - **E90 Symbolic Object** [visibble signs => the text of the critical edition]


## E28 Conceptual Object

- SCO E71 Human-Made Thing
- Superclass of:
    - E55 Type
    - E89 Propositional Object
    - E90 Symbolic Object
- non-material products of our minds and other human produced data that have become objects of a discourse about their identity, circumstances of creation or historical implication.
- instances of this class are created, invented or thought by someone, and then may be documented or communicated between person
- [?incoherent?] **They cannot be destroyed**. They exist as long as they can be found on at least one carrier or in at least one human memory. **Their existence ends** when the last carrier and the last memory are lost.

 Examples:
- Beethoven’s “Ode an die Freude” (Ode to Joy) (**E73 Information Object**) (Kershaw, 1999)
- the definition of “ontology” in the Oxford English Dictionary (E73) (Oxford University Press, 1989)
- the knowledge about the victory at Marathon carried by the famous runner (**E89 Propositional Object**) (Lagos & Karyanos, 2020)

- “Maxwell equations” (**E41 Appellation**): just the name
- Maxwell's equations (**E89 Propositional Object**): the propositional content of the equations proper, independent of any particular notation or mathematical formalism.
- The encoding of Maxwell’s equations as in
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Maxwell%27sEquations.svg (**E73 Information Object = encoded form**)

## E89 Propositional Object

- immaterial items, including but not limited to stories, plots, procedural prescriptions, algorithms, laws of physics or images that are, or represent in some sense, **sets of propositions** about real or imaginary things and that are documented as single units or serve as topic of discourse.
- tems that are “about” something in the sense of a subject.
- conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E89 Propositional Object. This should not be confused with the definition of a type, which is indeed an instance of E89 Propositional Object.

- Maxwell’s Equations (Ball, 1962)
- the **ideational contents** of Aristotle’s book entitled ‘Metaphysics’ as rendered in the Greek  texts translated in Oxford edition
- the **underlying prototype** of any “no-smoking” sign (E36 Visual Item)

Properties:
- P67 refers to (is referred to by): E1 CRM Entity
    - (P67.1 has type: E55 Type)
- P129 is about (is subject of): E1 CRM Entity
- P148 has component (is component of): E89 Propositional Object

## E73 Information Object

- SCO sia di E89 Propositional Object (senso) e E90 Symbolic Object (segni e sintassi?)

## E90 Symbolic Object
- identifiable symbols and any aggregation of symbols, such as characters, **identifiers**, traffic signs, emblems, **texts**, data sets, images, musical scores, multimedia objects, computer program code or mathematical formulae that have an objectively **recognizable structure** and that are documented as single units.
- It includes sets of signs of any nature, which may serve to designate something, or to communicate some propositional content. An instance of E90 Symbolic Object may or may not have a specific meaning, for example an arbitrary character string.
- In some cases, the content of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object may completely be represented by a serialized digital content model, such as a sequence of ASCII-encoded characters, an XML or HTML document, or a TIFF image. The property P3 has note and its **subproperty P190 has symbolic content** allow for the description of this **content model**. In order to disambiguate which **symbolic level** is the carrier of the meaning, the property P3.1 has type can be used to specify the encoding (e.g., "bit", "Latin character", RGB pixel).

- the “no-smoking” sign (E36 Visual Item)
- “BM000038850.JPG” (E41 Appellation) [identifies a digital image]
- the **Italian text** of Dante’s “Divina Commedia” as found in the **authoritative critical edition** La Commedia secondo l’antica vulgata a cura di Giorgio Petrocchi, Milano: Mondadori, 1966-67 (= Le Opere di Dante Alighieri, Edizione Nazionale a cura della Società Dantesca Italiana, VII, 1-4) (**E33 Linguistic Object**) (Petrocchi, 1967)

Properties:
- **P106 is composed of (forms part of): E90 Symbolic Object**
- **P190 has symbolic content: E62 String**